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Ltiatomy and Physiology 



GENERATIVE ORGANS 



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!\AM T?C* T I n A \T T Iff A T ^ 



DOMESTIC ANIMALS, 



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j Including the Scientific and Common Sense 
View of Preventing Animals from 
Getting with Young. 



By DR. D. W. MOTT. 

CINCINNATI, OHIO. 



f IXDIASAPOLIS: ^ 

SEXfTINEL COMPANY, PRIXTERS. 

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TEC IS 



Anatomy and Physiology 



GENERATIVE ORGANS 



DOMESTIC ANIMALS, 

Including the Scientific and Common Sense 

View of Preventing Animals from 

from Getting with Young. 



By DR. D. W. MOTT ? 

CINCINNATI, OHIO. 



INDIANAPOLIS : 
SENTINEL COMPANY, PRINTERS. 



" Enteral in the Office of the Librarian of < I 
By Dr. D. W. MOTT, 
On the 9th day of March, 1374, anel Copyright 



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PREFACE. 



Progress and improvement characterize almost 
every art and science, and within the last few years 
the science of Anatomy and Physiology have re- 
ceived many important additions. 

The design of the following pages is to enable 
farmers and stock raisers to successfully spay their 
female animals with great rapidity, and without 
the slightest danger of the loss of any of them. 

The aim of the author is to present full and con- 
clusive proofs, drawn from the best scientific and 
practical men, of all the different organs that enter 
into the germ, and directly aid it in becoming a 
living animal. 

A vocabulary has been introduced to aid the 
reader in acquiring a full and clear knowledge of 
all the technical and scientific words which the 
author has been compelled to use, in order to dem- 
onstrate the various themes herein taught. 

The author gratefully acknowledges his indebt- 
edness to the learned authors from whom the 
several ouotations and illustrations have been 
copied. 



TIHIIE 

GENITAL ORGANS DESCRIBED. 



Mammalia is a word used to comprehend all 
animals which suckle their young. Hence, in de- 
scribing the genital organs of the sow and the heifer, 
— which is the aim of the author — the same de- 
scription is likewise applicable to all other female 
animals, with but one exception, and that is the 
water-mole. 

With this brief sketch of the sameness of the 
generative organs, we proceed to their description. 

They are divided by the best anatomists into the 
external and internal, or with regard to their func- 
tions, into copulative and formative. The external 
or copulative consist mainly of the labia, the cli- 
toris gland and the clitoris. The internal or forma- 
tive consist of the vagina, the womb, the oviducts, 
the ovaries and the clitoris gland. 

Now we have classed the clitoris gland with both 
the external and the internal organs, and the reason 
we have done so, is because it is a formative as 
well as a copulative organ. The labia, lips, are 
two folds of skin externally, and mucus membrane 
internally, continued upwards and surrounding 
the orifice, or vaginal opening ; their use is to pro- 



6 Anatomy and Physiology 

tect the sensitive organs contained between them, 
and at the time of the birth of the young to facili- 
tate the distension or spreading of that orifice. 
The clitoris is the analogue of the penis in the male. 
That is, it is a body protruding from one-half to 
one inch beyond the external parts, the end of 
which is sometimes called the teat or water-spout 
It has the power of erection, and is situate just 
beneath the orifice. 

THE CLITORIS GLAND, 

The most important of the externa! 
which will hereafter be shown to have direct com- 
munication, or functions, directly connected with 
the ovaries and oviducts; is a glandular body 
somewhat larger than a pea, and ifl found beneath 
and partly imbedded in the clitoris. 

The vagina is that hollow or opening :•• 
the anus, and extends inward- till it connects with 
the womb, or mother-sack. 

THE WOMB, 

Which organ in the sow we call the pig-bog, is a 
muscular organ capable of great distention, 
be seen when the young is being expelled. When 
it contains no young it varies in size in different 
animals; in the pig it is from one-half to one inch 
in thickness, and from one to three inches in 
length. And in some animals we find a double 
ivomb; that is, we find a septum dividing it into 
two parts, having two orifices or moutha looking 
or opening into the vagina. See Carpenter 1 
ments of Physiology, p. 447. 



Of the Generative Organs. 7 

OVIDUCTS, OR FALLOPIAN TUBES. 

The oviducts in most animals appear to be only 
the separation of the womb into two small tubes or 
pipes, each of which curves round near to, and 
upon its ovary ; and at the ovaric end each has a 
fimbricted or fingered extremity or mouth, the 
use of which mouth is to grasp the ovary and 
squeeze out the egglets at the time of the heat or rut 
in the animal. 

The ovaries are two small organs situate at either 
side of the womb, and connected with it by a band 
called the ovarian ligament. 

ARTERIES AND NERVES. 

Arteries are the cylindrical tubes which convey 
the pure blood from the left ventricle of the heart 
to every part of the body. Nerves are the organs 
of sensation and motion in animals. They are the 
medium or telegraphic communication between 
the brain and every other part of the body. The 
blood furnishes the food or nourishment for the 
proper growth and development of an organ, while 
the nervous system sends the motive power, giving 
motion and sensation. 

Without the arterial power the organ must fade 
and dwindle ; without the nervous power the organ 
is useless ; and without both, the death of the 
organ is certain. The ovaric or spermatic arteries, two 
in number, are the only arteries that supply the 
oviducts, ovaries and clitoris gland. They are two 
small vessels which arise from the front of the great 
artery, aorta, below the mesenteric ; from thence each 
artery passes obliquely outwards accompanying 
the corresponding ureter along the front of the 



8 Anatomy and Physiology 

psoas muscle to the border of the pelvis. It if 
then directed outwards to the internal abdominal 
ring, and follows along what is termed the spermatic 
canal to the clitoris gland; from thence it passes 
along the muscular coat of the vagina and womb 
till it reaches the oviducts and ovaries, where it 
spends its force, distributing its various branches 
to the organs last named. It sends out but one 
branch from its origin till it reaches the oviducts, 
and that supplies the clitoris gland. 



The spermatic or genital branches of the genito- 
crural nerves proceed from the second lumbar 
nerve, and cross the psoas muscle, from whence they 
follow the course and accompany the aforesaid 
arteries to the clitoris gland, and thence to the 
ovaries and oviducts. 

PERIODICAL HEAT-SEXUAL EXCITEMENT. 

The reader will readily observe that the dis- 
• tribution of the arteries and nerves above alluded 
to, solely to the clitoris gland, the oviducts and 
ovaries, at once indicate that they do, and of right 
should become heated and excited at the self same 
time. Now, as evidence tending to establish what 
arteries and nerves do enter into and cause the 
heat and prepare the germs, ora or eggs for ready 
expulsion ; we beg to refer the reader to that 
celebrated work of Prof. C. D. Meigp, on females 
and their diseases. At page 386 he says, " the 
stoma of the ovary is produced by the ovaric artery and 
nerve. I say produced by them for it was origin- 
ally evolved by them, and is constantly fed and 



Of the Generative Organs. 9 

maintained in its rate of size, weight, and functional 
power by them as the source whence are derived 
all the accretions required by the momentary waste 
or life combustion of its molecules. What a cur- 
ious speculation it is that this long, wandering 
ovaric artery and spermatic nerve, should be the 
only artery and the only nerve in the whole economy 
capable of producing vitelius or yelk matter ; for 
after all that can be said, they do produce it, and 
they alone." 

M. Pouchet in his fine work, at page 262, while 
refering to the menstrual, or heat period of the sow 
says: " She exhibits in the vagina, a rose tint, and 
a small quantity of mucus ; the microscope shows 
that this discharge is composed of fragments of ep- 
ithelium, whether pavimented or cyndrical. glob- 
ules of mucus, and also a very small proportion of 
blood-corpuscles." 

His beautiful plates XIV and XV, representing 
these appearances in the sow and the rabbit at the 
time of the erotic excitement ; which he declares to 
be regularly periodical, and accompanied with 
said discharge. See, also, paid Meigs' work, at 
page 390. 

DISCHARGE OF EGGS DURING HEAT PERIOD. 

In Prof. C. D. Meig's work, at pages 391 and 
392, while speaking of the egg deposit in woman, 
says : "I can conceive that enough has been said 
to convince you that the ovulation and spontaneous 
deposit of ova is completely independent of the 
Sexual Congress, and you ought to add, completely 
independent of, and disconnected with, any sexual 
sense or sentiment in the human being, though it is 
far otherwise in the lovjer mammals." 



10 Anatomy and Physiology 

In Carpenter's principles of Human Physiology, 
sec. 853, we are told by this great experimenter, 
that " much discussion has taken place respecting 
the causes and purposes of the Menstrual How ; and 
recent inquiries have thrown great li<, r ht upon 
them. The state of the female generative - 
during its continuance, appears to he analagous to 
the heat or periodic sexual excitement of the lower 
animals." Dr. .Robert Lee, M. M., Gendrin and 
Raciboraki, contended years ago, that the heat 
period of animals was directly connected with the 
maturation and discharge of the ova. 

EACH NERVE HAS ITS SPECIAL OFFICE TO FILL. 

Henry Goadby's Text Book on Animal and 
Vegetable Physiology, at page 236, Bee. 1060, say 8 : 

" Nerves po-sess distinct function* ; thus a nerve of 
sensation has no power to director organize motion. 
A nerve of vision can not perform the function 
of smell, taste, hearing, or touch ; neither can the 
nerves of one organ assume the function of the 
nerves delegated to another organ ; each has it^ 
own duty to perform, preserves its individuality, 
and is so far distinct." 

GERM OB EGG. 

It is universally admitted that the female animal 
furnishes the germ or egg, and that they ;;re pro- 
duced in the stroma of the ovary, by the combined 
influence of the arteries and nervea before alluded 
to. Let us see if animals do produce eggs, and a.* 
evidence of the fact, we will again call attention 
to the works of Dalton and Carpenter en Physi- 
ology, and Prof. Meigs' work on the Diseat 



Of the Generative Organs. 11 

Woman, at page 382, of the last named author. 
He says : " All the Mammalia are likewise re- 
produced from germs contained within true vitel- 
lary bodies or eggs. The egg of a barn-door fowl 
is not more perfectly an esrg, than is the microscop- 
ic egglet you find in the Graafian Follicle of a 
cow, a mare, a sheep, a sow, a dog, or a whale. Each 
egg contains not only its germ, but its yolk." 

REPRODUCTION. 

Reproduction, in a Physiological sense, is replete 
with questions of interest in the study of iis various 
phenomena, and is worthy of the most profound 
contemplation. Indeed, it is a sort of mystery in 
which science alone is able to penetrate and make 
olain. The first act in the reproductive scheme, is 
intercourse or congress of sexes, and the result of 
the congress is fecundation. Fecundation, then, 
consists in imparting life, or fertilizing the germ or 
egg furnished by the female. Therefore, germina- 
tion or reproduction in animals is ihe joint product 
of the male and female. "We have shown that the 
/germ is the natural production of the female ova- 
ries, brought about by the combined influence of 
the arterial and nervous force, generated solely by 
the arteries and nerves heretofore named and de- 
scribed. Now the germ remains wholly neutral or 
negative in its results until a special influence be 
given to it by the male. The question th<m arises, 
what is this influence ? If a germ becomes impreg- 
nated, it is the result of the spermatic fluid which 
is secreted by the male coming in contact with said 
germ, and imparting to it its vivifying material ; 
and as soon as this is accomplished the process of 
development commences, and from that time the 



12 Anatomy and Physiology 

mother animal furnishes all that is requisite to 
keep and sustain it till it is ready to be expelled 
from the womb through the vaginal canal. Every 
person can readily understand that it is the duty of 
the female to furnish the egg, while the office of 
the male is limited to that simple yet all-important 
act of vitalizing it. Believing that enough has 
been said about the mode employed by nature to 
fertilize and evolve a new creature; the remain- 
ing inquiry, and the one altogether most useful tit 
the farmers and stock-raisers, is to ascertain if a 
sure method can be adopted to prevent female ani- 
mals from getting with young ! 

SPAYING— COMMON SENSE VIEW. 

Before we draw a final conclusion from the fore- 
going statements and facts, let U3 refer again to 
the work of Prof. C. D. Meigs, at pasje 118, where 
he says, '' it is true that the aphrodisiac nature 
attends upon the ovaria as its prime source and 
Bustainer, and is most perfect when they are in 
their highest state of health and power; yet ihere 
is an unknown connection and relation of this power 
as resident in the ovaria to the means of exciting 
it as resident in the tentigo, myitis, dulcedo amorie 
or clitoris, and its congenerous tissues." Now take 
this passage, written thirty years ago, and the new 
light that has been shed upon this topic by Dalton, 
Carpenter, Goadby and others win; conclusively 
show and demonstrate that the oviducts grasp the 
ovaries and squeeze out the eggs at the time of the 
external heat, and at no other time; and that all 
this periodical work is accomplished by the 
and nerves heretofore described. We may with 
Sir Isaac Newton exclaim, Eureka, we have found 



Of the Generative Organs. 13 

it, and that to in simply severing the said arteries 
and nerves where they crop out near the surface in 
the clitoris gland. Before we give directions for 
operating, we ask the reader to carefully investigate' 
the well established facts herein enunciated, as we 
are convinced that none can find aught against the 
mode of operation, or who will not be persuaded 
by the stubborn facts herein set forth of the great 
advantages that must enure to every farmer who 
will but heed the teachings of science and the ex- 
perience of practical men during the last five years 
in several of the States where it has stood the test. 

PRACTICAL DIRECTIONS FOR SPAYING. 

The reader who has but casually read this book 
will at once be able to perform this simple yet effec- 
tual operation of spaying, which consists only in 
extripating or cutting out the clitoris gland. There- 
fore first feel for the gland, which can readily be 
found, and make an incision beneath and below it, 
then turn the knife upwards and outwards, and peel 
out the gland, and you have in that little operation 
bi-sected or cut a piece out of both arteries and 
nerves, and thus forever prevent another union. 



14 • my and Ph\ 



VOCABULARY. 



Analogue — A thing resembling another; like unto. 

Anatomy — The art of dissecting or separating the 
animal structure. 

Anus— The opening of the body by which the ex- 
crement is expelled. 

Aorta — The great artery leading from the heart. 

Aphrodisiac — The act of exciting sexual desire. 

Applicable — That may be applied ; suitable to be 
applied. 

Blood-corpuscle — A minute particle, or atom of the 
blood. 

Clitorh — The body protruding from the genitals ; 
the water-spout. 

Clitoris-gland — A round body attached to, and be- 
neath the water-spout. 

Coalescence — The act of growing together. 

Congestion — An unnatural accumulation of blood 
in any part of the body. 

Copulation — Connection of sexes. 

Domestic — Tame animals. 

Dilatation — The act of spreading or expanding. 

Distention — The act of spreading in all dirt.-.' 

Facilitate — To aid or make easy; less difficult. 

Fallopian tube» — Oviducts ; two small pipes that 
carry the eggs or germs to the womb. 

Fecundation — The act of getting with young. 

Fertilize — To make fruitful. 

Formative — Aiding in giving form, shape and life. 

Function -Office ; duty; employment. 



Of the Generative Organs. 15 

Generation — Here used for new life or begetting 
young. 

Genital — The Organs employed by nature to be- 
get new life. 

Genu — The bud, cup, or egg, furnished by the 
female genital organs. 

Gland — A soft fleshy organ. 

Glandular — Consisting of the substance of glands. 

Imbedded — Laid or inclosed partly in. 

Impregnated — Fecundated ; made prolific. 

Labia — Lips ; the fleshy part surrounding the open- 
ing of the vagina. „. 

Mammals — An animal that suckles its young. 

Matrix — Pig bag; mother sick. 

Medicated — Supplied with an unknown power. 

Microscopic — Very small ; minute. 

Oestrual — The heat period in animals. 

O'rgan — The natural instrument through which 
some process is earned on. 

■Orifice — The mouth of the vagina. 

Ovary — An organ that furnishes the egg in female 
animals. 

Ovulation — Egg laying. 

Pelvis — The long cavity supported by the hind legs. 

Placental — The after-birth ; the substance that con- 
nects the ovum to the womb. 

Physiology — The science which treats of the use of 
the several organs of the body. 

Protruding — Thrusting out, or beyond. 

Modentia — A class of animals, as the rat tribe, &c. 

Reproduction — The act or process of reproducing 
that which has been destroyed. 

Sexual — Pertaining to the sexes, as male and female. 

Sperm — The peculiar fluid thrown out by the male 
• organs. 

Spontaneous — Acting by its own impulse. 



16 Anatomy and Physiology. 

Stroma— The substance contained in the ovary. 

Uterus — Womb, or pig bag. 

Uterine — Pertaining to the womb. 

Vagina — A canal leading from the extern;tl parts 

to the womb. 
Virgin — An animal that has not been with young. 
Viscus — A body contained in the belly of an 

animal. 
Vitalizing — Furnishing the life. 
Vivifying — To give life, or to fertilize. 
Womb — A hollow muscular organ; the matrix; the 

pig bag. 
Yolk or Yelk — The yellow part of an egg, or germ. 



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OBLIGATION OF SECRECY. 



The undersigned 

having acquired the right to 

use this book, agrees to keep its contents a secret, 
and not permit any one to gain the knowledge 
herein contained, or any part thereof, without the 
written consent of the author. 

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand 
this day of 187... 



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